A light switch for selected brain cells! 🤯 This vid is Part 2! Make sure to check out Par… — @distilledscience

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@distilledscienceのTikTok動画「A light switch for selected brain cells! 🤯 This vid is Part 2! Make sure to check out Part 1 if you missed it. The 2026 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine honors Karl Deisseroth, Peter Hegemann and Georg Nagel. Optogenetics made causal experiments much more precise: scientists already tested causation using stimulation, lesions and drugs. Observational research is science too! The spaghetti and switch metaphors simplify a network in which cells can have several roles. “86 billion” is an approximate estimate from sampled adult brains. Crick's calls for selective control and his light proposal came in separate publications, in 1979 and 1999. Here, “channelrhodopsin” means ChR2. It conducts several positive ions, not just sodium. The resulting depolarization can trigger a spike if firing threshold is reached. Blue-for-go/yellow-for-stop describes this particular pairing of ChR2 with halorhodopsin, an archaeal chloride pump demonstrated for neuronal silencing in 2007. Other tools respond to other colous. A genetic “address label” helps target a population, not necessarily a single neuron or every cell of that type. Delivery, expression and illumination determine which cells respond, and specificity needs controls. Gene delivery plus an implanted fibre describes these mouse experiments; other approaches include transgenic animals and experimental implant-free light delivery in mice. This does not establish arbitrary remote control of an unmodified human brain. The dated recording comes from Boyden's own account: August 4, 2004, in Richard Tsien's lab, after Deisseroth delivered the gene. The 2005 paper was by Boyden, Feng Zhang, Ernst Bamberg, Georg Nagel and Karl Deisseroth. Earlier genetic optical-control approaches also existed; this is not a claim that they alone invented every form of optogenetics. Boyden reports that Science rejected the paper before its eventual publication in Nature Neuroscience. Sources: Boyden et al. (2005), DOI: 10.1038/nn1525; Boyden (2011, historical account), DOI: 10.3410/B3-11; Han & Boyden (2007, neuronal silencing), DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000299; Adamantidis et al. (2007, awakening), DOI: 10.1038/nature06310;」は、このインデックスが取得した公開指標で2,326回再生、238いいね、5コメント、10シェアとなっています。 エンゲージメント率は10.88%です（再生数に対する、いいね・コメント・シェアの割合）。 投稿されたのは2週間以上前で、再生時間は3 分36 秒です。 20回保存されています。

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このTikTok動画の再生数は？

ここにインデックスされた取得データでは、2,326回再生、238いいね、5コメントです。

このTikTok動画を投稿したのは誰ですか？

@distilledscienceが投稿しました。投稿者へのリンクはこのページにあります。

このTikTok動画のエンゲージメント率は？

取得した指標全体で、エンゲージメント率は10.88%です（いいね＋コメント＋シェアを再生数で割った値）。

このTikTok動画はいつ投稿されましたか？

2026-10-07（2週間以上前）に投稿されました。

このTikTok動画の長さは？

取得したクリップの再生時間は3 分36 秒です。